![]() ![]() In biblical Judaism, sacred oil was used to anoint certain exceptionally holy people and objects as part of their religious investiture. It derives from the Greek Χριστός ( Christos), a translation of the Hebrew mashiakh ( משיח) meaning " anointed", and is usually transliterated into English as " messiah". The word Christ was a title or office ("the Christ"), not a given name. Since the early period of Christianity, Christians have commonly referred to Jesus as "Jesus Christ". Yeshua/Yehoshua means " Yahweh is lordly", but popular etymology linked it to the verb meaning "save" and the noun "salvation", and the Gospel of Matthew tells of an angel that appeared to Joseph instructing him "to name him Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins". The English name Jesus, from Greek Iesous, is a rendering of Joshua (Hebrew Yehoshua, later Yeshua), and was not uncommon in Judea at the time of the birth of Jesus. Jesus' neighbors in Nazareth refer to him as "the carpenter, the son of Mary and brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon", "the carpenter's son", or " Joseph's son" In the Gospel of John, the disciple Philip refers to him as "Jesus son of Joseph from Nazareth". Thus, in the New Testament, Jesus is commonly referred to as "Jesus of Nazareth". ![]() Ĭounter-clockwise from top-right: Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, Latin, and English transcriptions of the name Jesus Naming conventionsĪ typical Jew in Jesus' time had only one name, sometimes followed by the phrase "son of ", or the individual's hometown. In contrast, Judaism rejects the belief that Jesus was the awaited messiah, arguing that he did not fulfill messianic prophecies, was not lawfully anointed and was neither divine nor resurrected. Most Muslims do not believe that he was killed or crucified but that God raised him into Heaven while he was still alive. Muslims believe Jesus was born of the virgin Mary but was neither God nor a son of God. In Islam, Jesus (often referred to by his Quranic name ʿĪsā) is considered the penultimate prophet of God and the messiah, who will return before the Day of Judgement. Jesus is also revered in the Baha'i faith, the Druze faith, Islam and Manichaeism. The world's most widely used calendar era-in which the current year is AD 2023 (or 2023 CE)-is based on the approximate birthdate of Jesus. His crucifixion is honored on Good Friday and his resurrection on Easter Sunday. The birth of Jesus is celebrated annually on 25 December as Christmas. The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, the second of three persons of the Trinity. The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead, either before or after their bodily resurrection, an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology. Commonly, Christians believe Jesus enables people to be reconciled to God. Ĭhristian theology includes the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, was born of a virgin named Mary, performed miracles, founded the Christian Church, died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement for sin, rose from the dead, and ascended into Heaven, from where he will return. Accounts of his teachings and life were initially conserved by oral transmission, which was the source of the written Gospels. After his death, his followers believed he rose from the dead, and the community they formed eventually became the early Christian Church. He was arrested in Jerusalem and tried by the Jewish authorities, turned over to the Roman government, and crucified on the order of Pontius Pilate, the Roman prefect of Judea. Jesus debated with fellow Jews on how to best follow God, engaged in healings, taught in parables, and gathered followers. Jesus was a Galilean Jew who was circumcised, was baptized by John the Baptist, began his own ministry, and was often referred to as " rabbi". Academic research has yielded uncertainty on the historical reliability of the Gospels and how closely they reflect the historical Jesus. Accounts of Jesus' life are contained in the Gospels, especially the four canonical Gospels in the New Testament. Virtually all modern scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed historically. Most Christians believe Jesus to be the incarnation of God the Son and the awaited Messiah, the Christ that is prophesied in the Hebrew Bible. He is the central figure of Christianity, the world's largest religion. 6 to 4 BC – AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and several other names and titles, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.
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